R is for Recurrent Implantation Failure

What is an ectopic pregnancy? 

In an ectopic pregnancy, a fertilized egg starts to grow somewhere other than in the normal lining of the womb, usually in 1 of the fallopian tubes. Ectopic pregnancy affects around 1 in 100 pregnancies. An ectopic pregnancy creates a potentially life-threatening situation for the mother, so it is very important that it is treated quickly. Unfortunately, it is not possible to save the pregnancy if it is ectopic.

What causes an ectopic pregnancy?

• Pelvic inflammatory disease (inflammation of the female reproductive system, usually caused by a sexually transmitted infection)
• Previous ectopic pregnancy (the risk of having another ectopic pregnancy is around 10%) 
• Previous surgery on your fallopian tubes, such as unsuccessful female sterilization
• Fertility treatment, such as IVF Getting pregnant while using contraception such as an intrauterine device (IUD) or intrauterine system (IUS) for contraception 
• Smoking 
• Age (the risk is highest for pregnant women aged 35 to 40).

What are the signs and symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy? 

Symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy usually develop between the 4th and 12th week of pregnancy. 

Vaginal bleeding: Vaginal bleeding in pregnancy tends to be a bit different to your regular period. It often starts and stops, and may be watery and dark brown in color. Vaginal bleeding in pregnancy can be common and isn't necessarily a sign of a serious problem, but you should always get medical advice if you have it.

Stomach pain: You may have stomach pain, typically low down on 1 side. It can develop suddenly or gradually, and may be persistent or come and go. Any stomach pain may just be caused by a stomach bug, trapped wind, or something unknown. But it is important to get medical advice if you have it.

Shoulder tip pain: Shoulder tip pain is an unusual pain felt where your shoulder ends and your arm begins. You should get medical advice right away if you experience this. There are nerves in this area that are linked to your shoulder. Irritation of these nerves can lead to shoulder tip pain. Discomfort when going to the toilet You may have pain when going for a wee or poo. You may also have diarrhoea or constipation.

Symptoms of a rupture: In some cases, an ectopic pregnancy can grow large enough to split open the fallopian tube. This is known as a rupture. Ruptures are very serious. Surgery to repair the fallopian tube needs to be carried out as soon as possible. Signs of a rupture include a combination of: a sharp, sudden and intense pain in your tummy feeling very dizzy or fainting feeling sick looking very pale. A rupture can be life threatening, but fortunately they are uncommon and treatable, if dealt with quickly.

Will I still be able to have a baby in the future? 

For most women, an ectopic pregnancy is a ‘one off’ event and does not happen again. Even if you have only one fallopian tube, your chance of getting pregnant again is only slightly reduced. If you do get pregnant again, you may be offered an ultrasound scan at 6 to 8 weeks to confirm that the pregnancy is developing in the womb. Talk to your GP if you do not want to become pregnant again. Some forms of contraception may be more suitable after an ectopic pregnancy.